11:30-1:00 Conference Registration
Plenary Session I
Chairperson: Dr. Mauro Ferrari, The Ohio State University
1:00 Chairperson's Opening Remarks:
Dr. Mauro Ferrari, The Ohio State University
1:15 Converging Technologies (Nano/Bio/Info/Cogno)
for Improving Human Performance:
Dr. Mihail C. Roco, National Science Foundation and U.S. National
Science, Engineering and Technology Council'ssubcommittee on Nanoscale
Science, Engineering and Technology (NSET)
1:45 Development of the DNA MicroArray
Synthesizer:
Dr. Franco Cerrina, NimbleGen Systems and University of
Wisconsin-Madison
We have developed an instrument for the rapid fabrication of custom high-
and low-density DNA microarrays, and other oligonucleotide based chips. The
tabletop system uses virtual masks, and consists of a UV projector and
associated chemistry-handling fluidics. There are no moving parts, and the
chip is never unloaded from its initial position until the completion of the
fabrication. Using an XGA-type projection system we can form 1024 by 768
independent sequences on the chip, each approximately 15x15 µm2.
The layout is completely under operator control, and several modes are
available with different size pixels. The complete cycle time is below two
hours, from data download to finished chip. After hybridization with the
target material, the chip is read using conventional fluorescence scanners.
The instrument is completely self contained, and occupies a footprint of
approximately 2 by 3 feet. Several instruments have been developed and are in
operation at NimbleGen.
The MAS allows the development of
quick-turnaround custom arrays, with density chosen by the user. We will
describe the operation of the instrument, the so called MAS 2.X generation,
and illustrate some of the capabilities in term of high-density and other
chips recently developed at NimbleGen Systems.
2:15 Fantastic Voyage: Nanobiotechnology's
Promise to 21st-Century Medicine:
Dr. Carlo D. Montemagno, University of California, Los Angeles
Recent advances in single molecule manipulation in conjunction with
developments in nanotechnology have established the opportunity for creating a
new class of devices. These devices use the energy of life to move and
manipulate individual molecules to add functionality to cellular systems while
seamlessly integrating with life processes. This new technology may define the
path that leads to the creation of sub-cellular engineered prosthetic systems.
Presented will be the strategies and results of efforts directed at
integrating motor proteins and other active biomolecules to create systems of
nanomachines that result in hybrid living/non-living devices that can perform
useful work. In addition, a systems modality for controlling multitudes of
nanoscopic machines to enable the execution of complex macroscopic tasks will
be discussed.
2:45 POSTER SESSION I
Refreshment Break with Exhibit and
Poster Viewing
3:45 Self-Assembled Beadarrays™:
A Universal Platform for Genotyping, RNA Profiling, and Protein Profiling:
Dr. David L. Barker, Illumina, Inc.
Illumina is developing a BeadArray™ technology that supports SNP
genotyping, mRNA expression analysis and protein expression analysis on the same
platform. We use fiber optic bundles with a density of approximately 40,000
fibers/mm2. At the end of each fiber, a derivatized silica bead forms an array
element for reading out a genotyping or expression assay data point. Each bead
contains oligonucleotide probes that hybridize with high specificity to
complementary sequences in a complex nucleic acid mixture. We derivatize the
beads in bulk, pool them to form a quality-controlled source of microarray
elements, and allow them to assemble spontaneously into pits etched into the end
of each optical fiber in the bundle. We load our fiber bundles, containing about
50,000 fibers, with up to 1500 different bead types. The presence of many beads
of each type greatly improves the accuracy of each assay. As the final step in
our manufacturing process, we decode the identity of each bead by a series of
rapid hybridizations with fluorescent oligos. The decoding process is designed
so that decoding accuracy and the number of beads of each type is recorded for
each array. Decoding also serves as a quality control procedure for the
performance of each element in the array. To facilitate high-throughput analysis
of many samples, the fiber bundles are arranged in an array matrix (an Array of
Arrays™), so that many samples can be assayed in parallel in a microplate.
Using a 96-bundle array matrix, up to 2000 assays can be performed on each of 96
samples simultaneously for a total of 192,000 assays. Using a 384-bundle array
matrix, up to 768,000 assays can be performed simultaneously.
Our BeadArray™ platform is adaptable to many
different assays. In our genotyping services lab, we have automated the
development and production of highly multiplexed SNP genotyping assays. Each SNP
call is made automatically and assigned a quality score based on objective
measures of allele clustering across multiple samples. The quality score
correlates directly with genotyping accuracy, so that a required level of
accuracy can be assured. With a small number of robots and thermal cyclers, and
a team of 5 people, we have the capacity to perform over 1 million genotypes per
day. The system is modular so that scale-up is limited only by demand. The
system has the capacity, versatility, and cost structure to meet the needs of
large-scale genomic analysis.
We also adapted the BeadArray platform for two
different mRNA profiling assays. One is designed for monitoring large numbers of
genes simultaneously. The other is designed for high-sensitivity monitoring of a
smaller number of genes and their splice variants. We have shown the value of
this assay for drug screening and for characterizing splice variants of many
genes simultaneously. We have also demonstrated protein profiling for a limited
number of targets, using beads derivatized with antibodies and with other
protein-capture molecules.
4:15 Microfluidic Phenomenon and
Polymer-Based Microfluidic Devices:
Dr. David J. Beebe, University of Wisconsin
Microfluidics is still an emerging technology. Fabrication methods,
component designs and system applications have not yet matured, nor been widely
accepted or standardized due to issues including cost, lack of integration and
advancement of competing technologies. In order to compete in many markets,
microfluidics needs further improvements in cost, performance and the
development of appropriate applications. We have developed simple methods that
enable functionality in microfluidic systems. Using basic physical phenomena
that is dominate at the microscale (e.g. diffusion, surface tension) one can
create new functionality, elegant system designs and low cost manufacturing
methods. The use of liquid phase photopolymerization allows for the realization
of channel networks in a few minutes. Extensions into three dimensions are
possible by leveraging surface tension effects. Surface tension effects can also
be exploited to achieve sample concentration and pumping schemes as well as the
creation of "virtual" and liquid walls providing new functionality in
microfluidic systems. Gel matrices can be used to achieve filtering and display
functions. Autonomous function is possible by utilizing materials that undergo
direct chemical to mechanical conversions enabling elegant system design (e.g.
active valves, closed loop feedback control without electronics). Heating and
cooling via chemical reactions further eliminates the need for electronics and
batteries in order to achieve complex functionality. Further, simple
microfluidic systems can enhance in vitro environments and enable improved study
of living systems.
4:45 BioNEMS: Biofunctionalized
Nanoelectromechanical Systems:
Dr. Michael L. Roukes, California Institute of Technology
5:15 Fundamental Nanoscience
Engenders Medical Products:
Dr. Mauro Ferrari
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5:45-7:00 Networking Reception
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